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| 16-30Hz |
sub-bass; almost inaudible; thunder-like rumble |
boost for power |
can drown out audibles if sent through a compressor |
| 16-30Hz |
sub-bass; audible, but felt more than heard |
boost for power |
excess representation can make mix muddy |
| 60-250Hz |
bass; rhythm section represented here |
boost for warmth and fatness; cut for clearer reverbs |
excess representation can cause boominess |
| 250Hz-2kHz |
low-mids; lower-order harmonics of most instruments |
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excess representation can introduce a telephone-like quality; listener fatigue |
| 2-4kHz |
high-mids; contains speech recognition sounds such as "m", "b", "v" |
boost on vocals and cut on instruments to make vocals stand out |
listener-fatigue (esp. 3kHz); indistinguishable consonant sounds |
| 4-6kHz |
presence; clarity |
boost for closeness; cut 5kHz for distance |
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| 6-16kHz |
brilliance |
boost for clarity |
excess representation causes vocal sibilance |
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